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Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2020 Mar 14; Vol. 21 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 14. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- In chronic kidney disease (CKD), impaired kidney function results in accumulation of uremic toxins, which exert deleterious biological effects and contribute to inflammation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), such as p -cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid, originate from phenolic and indolic compounds, which are end products of gut bacterial metabolization of aromatic amino acids (AAA). This study investigates gut microbial composition at different CKD stages by isolating, identifying and quantifying PBUT precursor-generating bacteria. Fecal DNA extracts from 14 controls and 138 CKD patients were used to quantify total bacterial number and 11 bacterial taxa with qPCR. Moreover, isolated bacteria from CKD 1 and CKD 5 fecal samples were cultured in broth medium supplemented with AAA under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and classified as PBUT precursor-generators based on their generation capacity of phenolic and indolic compounds, measured with U(H)PLC. In total, 148 different fecal bacterial species were isolated, of which 92 were PBUT precursor-generators. These bacterial species can be a potential target for reducing PBUT plasma levels in CKD. qPCR indicated lower abundance of short chain fatty acid-generating bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp., and higher Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli with impaired kidney function, confirming an altered gut microbial composition in CKD.
- Subjects :
- Amino Acids, Aromatic metabolism
Bacteria classification
Bacteria isolation & purification
Feces microbiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology
Humans
Toxins, Biological metabolism
Bacteria metabolism
Cresols metabolism
Indican metabolism
Indoleacetic Acids metabolism
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic pathology
Sulfuric Acid Esters metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1422-0067
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32183306
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061986