Influence of seawater ions on phosphate adsorption at the surface of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO).

The adsorption of phosphate on hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) was studied in solutions containing major seawater ions (Na ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Cl ^- , SO ₄ ^2- , Ca ²⁺ , K ⁺ ) at pHs 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5. The presence of these ions promotes phosphate adsorption and the process is electrostatic in nature. Despite this electrostatic force, the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of Ca ²⁺ at pH 8.5 also plays an important role in the removal of phosphates from the dissolved phase. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra support that phosphate adsorption on HFO surface can be attributed to inner sphere complexes with the formation of bidentate complexes (FeO) ₂ PO ₂ in the presence of main seawater ions at pH = 8.5. The results of EDS clearly indicated that Fe-P-Ca complexes, Fe-P-Mg, or other phosphate-bridged ternary complexes were not formed during adsorption in the presence of NaCl, KCl, CaCl ₂ , Na ₂ SO ₄ and MgCl ₂ . This observation differs somewhat from that the typical explanation used to describe the phosphate adsorption mechanism on HFO. The CD-MUSIC model makes it possible to describe this adsorption mechanism of phosphate on HFO in the presence of 0.7 M NaCl, and these outcomes are coherent with the experimental FTIR and EDS results.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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