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Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with field-amplified capillary electrophoresis for sensitive and quantitative determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in biological fluids.
- Source :
-
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry [Anal Bioanal Chem] 2020 Aug; Vol. 412 (21), pp. 5113-5123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 11. - Publication Year :
- 2020
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Abstract
- A rapid, simple, and sensitive technique for the quantitative detection of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in biological fluids was developed based on the combination of field-amplified sample stacking (FASS)-related capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME). The extraction efficiency of UA-DLLME was strongly related to extraction time, salt concentration, type of extraction and dispersion solvents, and volume of extraction and dispersion solvents. The extracted fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in a mixture of 50% methanol and 50% deionized water were efficiently stacked using FASS and then separated using cyclodextrin-modified CE. Under optimal conditions of FASS (chiral selector, 3 mM trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin; and background electrolyte, 100 mM phosphate buffer) and UA-DLLME (extraction solvent, 200 μL of acetone; and dispersed solvent, 50 μL of C <subscript>2</subscript> H <subscript>2</subscript> Cl <subscript>4</subscript> in 1 mL of the sample solution), the obtained enrichment factors of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers reached approximately 2000. The linear ranges for the quantification of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers were 0.3-150 and 0.6-150 nM, respectively. The relative standard deviations in peak areas and migration time for four analytes were less than 3.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The proposed system provided limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for four analytes corresponding to 0.1 nM. The precision and accuracy for urine and serum samples were less than 6.8 and 8.3%, respectively. These findings suggested that the proposed system exhibited a high potential for the reliable determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in clinical samples. Graphical abstract.
- Subjects :
- Fluoxetine blood
Fluoxetine urine
Humans
Limit of Detection
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors blood
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors urine
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet methods
Stereoisomerism
Body Fluids chemistry
Electrophoresis, Capillary methods
Fluoxetine analogs & derivatives
Fluoxetine analysis
Liquid Phase Microextraction methods
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors analysis
Sonication
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1618-2650
- Volume :
- 412
- Issue :
- 21
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32162085
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02441-x