The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on the growth and Cd/Pb accumulation in Zea mays .

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of biochar (BC) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)- Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Glomus versiforme (Gv) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) on the plant growth and Cd/Pb accumulation by corn grown in the soils artificially contaminated with 5 mg Cd and 300 mg Pb kg ^-1 soil. The single AMF inoculation and combined usage of AMF and BC evidently improved the P contents of maize. Furthermore, the combined use of AMF and BC produced pronounced positive effect on corn growth, and the shoot biomass in Gv + BC group was 9.85-fold higher than that of the control. Meanwhile, the single BC addition and combined utilization of AMF and BC significantly reduced Cd and Pb concentrations in maize, and the greater reduces were found in the combined utilization, and the lowest Cd concentration of shoot was appeared in Gv + BC group. The single BC addition and combined application of AMF and BC significantly increased soil pH, and reduced soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pb. This study demonstrated a synergistic effect between AMF (Gv, Fm, Ri) and BC on improving maize growth and decreasing Cd/Pb accumulation in maize, and the combined use of Gv and BC brought the most pronounced effect, which could provide a feasible strategy for safe production of maize from Cd/Pb-polluted soils.