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Biomarkers of Exposure among Adult Smokeless Tobacco Users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013-2014).
- Source :
-
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev] 2020 Mar; Vol. 29 (3), pp. 659-667. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 27. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Background: Monitoring population-level toxicant exposures from smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is important for assessing population health risks due to product use. In this study, we assessed tobacco biomarkers of exposure (BOE) among SLT users from the Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.<br />Methods: Urinary biospecimens were collected from adults ages 18 and older. Biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), metals, and inorganic arsenic were analyzed and reported among exclusive current established SLT users in comparison with exclusive current established cigarette smokers, dual SLT and cigarette users, and never tobacco users.<br />Results: In general, SLT users ( n = 448) have significantly higher concentrations of BOE to nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs compared with never tobacco users; significant dose-response relationships between frequency of SLT use and biomarker concentrations were also reported among exclusive SLT daily users. Exclusive SLT daily users have higher geometric mean concentrations of total nicotine equivalent-2 (TNE2) and TSNAs than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were substantially lower among exclusive SLT daily users than exclusive cigarette daily smokers.<br />Conclusions: Our study produced a comprehensive assessment of SLT product use and 52 biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Compared with cigarette smokers, SLT users experience greater concentrations of some tobacco toxicants, including nicotine and TSNAs.<br />Impact: Our data add information on the risk assessment of exposure to SLT-related toxicants. High levels of harmful constituents in SLT remain a health concern.<br /> (©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Biomarkers urine
Carcinogens analysis
Carcinogens toxicity
Female
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Nicotine toxicity
Nicotine urine
Nitrosamines
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons urine
Prevalence
Smokers statistics & numerical data
Tobacco Use epidemiology
Tobacco Use urine
United States epidemiology
Volatile Organic Compounds toxicity
Volatile Organic Compounds urine
Young Adult
Tobacco Use adverse effects
Tobacco, Smokeless toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1538-7755
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31988072
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0766