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Experimental animal models of coronary microvascular dysfunction.
- Source :
-
Cardiovascular research [Cardiovasc Res] 2020 Mar 01; Vol. 116 (4), pp. 756-770. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is commonly present in patients with metabolic derangements and is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to myocardial ischaemia, both in the presence and absence of epicardial coronary atherosclerosis. The latter condition is termed 'ischaemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease' (INOCA). Notwithstanding the high prevalence of INOCA, effective treatment remains elusive. Although to date there is no animal model for INOCA, animal models of CMD, one of the hallmarks of INOCA, offer excellent test models for enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of CMD and for investigating novel therapies. This article presents an overview of currently available experimental models of CMD-with an emphasis on metabolic derangements as risk factors-in dogs, swine, rabbits, rats, and mice. In all available animal models, metabolic derangements are most often induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and/or diabetes mellitus via injection of alloxan or streptozotocin, but there is also a wide variety of spontaneous as well as transgenic animal models which develop metabolic derangements. Depending on the number, severity, and duration of exposure to risk factors-all these animal models show perturbations in coronary microvascular (endothelial) function and structure, similar to what has been observed in patients with INOCA and comorbid conditions. The use of these animal models will be instrumental in identifying novel therapeutic targets and for the subsequent development and testing of novel therapeutic interventions to combat ischaemic heart disease, the number one cause of death worldwide.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Coronary Vessels metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Energy Metabolism
Heart Diseases epidemiology
Heart Diseases metabolism
Humans
Microvessels metabolism
Nitrosative Stress
Oxidative Stress
Reactive Nitrogen Species metabolism
Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
Cardiology
Coronary Circulation
Coronary Vessels physiopathology
Heart Diseases physiopathology
Microcirculation
Microvessels physiopathology
Translational Research, Biomedical
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1755-3245
- Volume :
- 116
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cardiovascular research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31926020
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa002