Comprehensive phenotyping of depression disease trajectory and risk: Rationale and design of Texas Resilience Against Depression study (T-RAD).

Depression has a chronic and recurrent course often with early onset and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. In contrast to diagnoses for other conditions which rely on precise medical tests, the diagnosis of depression still focuses exclusively on symptom reports. As a result, heterogeneous patient groups are included under broad categories. Furthermore, in the absence of companion diagnostic tests, choosing specific treatments for patients remains imprecise with only one-third of patients entering remission with initial treatment, with others requiring multiple intervention steps to achieve remission. In addition to improving treatment outcomes, disease prevention is essential to reduce overall disease burden. Adolescence is a critical window where complex emotional, social, familial, and biological shifts may predispose to lifelong depression. Thus, personalized medicine, integrating individual variability in genes, brain function, and clinical phenotypes, can offer a comprehensive approach to provide precise diagnosis, novel drug development, optimal treatment assignment, and prevention of illness and its associated burden. Texas Resilience Against Depression study (T-RAD) encompasses two natural history, longitudinal (10 + years), prospective studies (D2K and RAD), each enrolling 2500 participants. The D2K study follows participants (ages 10 years and older) who have a current or past diagnosis of depression or bipolar disorder. The RAD study follows participants aged 10-24 years who are at risk for depression but not yet suffering from the disease. The T-RAD study will help to uncover the socio-demographic, lifestyle, clinical, psychological, and neurobiological factors that contribute to mood disorder onset, recurrence, progression, and differential treatment response.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Dr. Trivedi has received funding from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Cyberonics Inc., National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and Johnson & Johnson. He has also served as an advisor or consultant for Abbott Laboratories Inc., Akzo (Organon Pharmaceuticals Inc.), Allergan Sales LLC, Alkermes, Arcadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., AstraZeneca, Axon Advisors, Brintellix, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cephalon Inc., Cerecor, Eli Lilly & Company, Evotec, Fabre Kramer Pharmaceuticals Inc., Forest Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Global Medical Education Inc., Health Research Associates, Johnson & Johnson, Lundbeck, MedAvante, Medscape, Medtronic, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc., MSI Methylation Sciences Inc., Nestle Health Science-PamLab Inc., Naurex, Neuronetics, One Carbon Therapeutics Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Pamlab, Parke-Davis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pfizer Inc., PgxHealth, Phoenix Marketing Solutions, Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Ridge Diagnostics, Roche Products Ltd., Sepracor, SHIRE Development, Sierra, SK Life and Science, Sunovion, Takeda, Tal Medical/Puretech Venture, Targacept, Transcept, VantagePoint, Vivus, and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. Dr. Jha has received contract research funding from Acadia Pharmaceutical and Janssen Research. Dr. Trombello currently owns stock in Merck and Gilead Sciences. Dr. Hughes has served as Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM) trainer, consulting for Mental Health in Mind International. Dr. Hughes also receives royalties from Guilford Press. Dr. Greer has received contract research support from Janssen Research and Development, grant funding from NARSAD, and consultant/honoraria for Lundbeck and Takeda. Drs. Chin Fatt, Cooper, Mason, Toll, Gadad, Czysz, Minhajuddin, Fuller, Carmody, Ms. Sethuram, Mrs. Mayes have no disclosures to report.
(Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)