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Infectious salmon anaemia virus-molecular biology and pathogenesis of the infection.
- Source :
-
Journal of applied microbiology [J Appl Microbiol] 2020 Jul; Vol. 129 (1), pp. 85-97. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 16. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Aquaculture has a long history in many parts of the world, but it is still young at an industrial scale. Marine fish farming in open nets of a single fish species at high densities compared to their wild compatriots opens a plethora of possible infections. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an example of disease that surfaced after large-scale farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) appeared. Here, a review of the molecular biology of the ISA virus (ISAV) with emphasis on its pathogenicity is presented. The avirulent HPR0 variant of ISAV has resisted propagation in cell cultures, which has restricted the ability to perform in vivo experiments with this variant. The transition from avirulent HPR0 to virulent HPRΔ has not been methodically studied under controlled experimental conditions, and the triggers of the transition from avirulent to virulent forms have not been mapped. Genetic segment reassortment, recombination and mutations are important mechanisms in ISAV evolution, and for the development of virulence. In the 25 years since the ISAV was identified, large amounts of sequence data have been collected for epidemiologic and transmission studies, however, the lack of good experimental models for HPR0 make the risk evaluation of the presence of this avirulent, ubiquitous variant uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge related to molecular biology and pathogenicity of this important aquatic orthomyxovirus.<br /> (© 2019 The Society for Applied Microbiology.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Evolution, Molecular
Fisheries
Isavirus growth & development
Mutation
Orthomyxoviridae Infections transmission
Orthomyxoviridae Infections virology
Viral Proteins genetics
Virulence genetics
Fish Diseases virology
Isavirus genetics
Isavirus pathogenicity
Orthomyxoviridae Infections veterinary
Salmo salar virology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1365-2672
- Volume :
- 129
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of applied microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31885186
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14567