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Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases.
- Source :
-
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2019 Dec 04; Vol. 9, pp. 401. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 04 (Print Publication: 2019). - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Parasitic diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing and underdeveloped countries. No efficacious vaccines are available against most parasitic diseases and there is a critical need for developing novel vaccine strategies for care. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions in protection and immunopathology during parasitic diseases have been explored in limited ways. IL-21 and its cognate receptor, IL-21R, are highly expressed in parasitized organs of infected humans as well in murine models of the human parasitic diseases. Prior studies have indicated the ability of the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis to regulate the effector functions (e.g., cytokine production) of T cell subsets by enhancing the expression of T-bet and STAT4 in human T cells, resulting in an augmented production of IFN-γ. Mice deficient for either IL-21 ( Il21 <superscript>-/-</superscript> ) or IL-21R ( Il21r <superscript>-/-</superscript> ) showed significantly reduced inflammatory responses following parasitic infections as compared with their WT counterparts. Targeting the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis may provide a novel approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for the prevention of parasite-induced immunopathology and tissue destruction.<br /> (Copyright © 2019 Solaymani-Mohammadi, Eckmann and Singer.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit metabolism
Interleukins genetics
Parasitic Diseases parasitology
Signal Transduction
Disease Susceptibility
Immunity
Inflammation etiology
Inflammation metabolism
Interleukins metabolism
Parasitic Diseases etiology
Parasitic Diseases metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2235-2988
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31867283
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00401