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Plasma efavirenz concentration inversely correlates with increased risk of cytomegalovirus infection in HIV-infected pregnant women.
- Source :
-
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde [S Afr Med J] 2019 Dec 12; Vol. 110 (1), pp. 10-15. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 12. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Background: Effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has tremendously reduced HIV-associated morbidity, mortality and mother-to-child transmission. However, the benefits of cART are threatened by comorbidities, adverse drug reactions and virus resistance to existing treatment regimens. One of the most occurring comorbidities is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.<br />Objectives: To investigate the effects of cART on the occurrence of CMV infection among pregnant women.<br />Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 175 HIV-infected pregnant women were recruited, and data were obtained from their clinical records. Blood samples were collected for host DNA, CMV DNA and plasma efavirenz (EFV) measurement. CMV DNA was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CYP2B6 c.516G&gt;T and CYP2B6 c.983T&gt;C single nucleotide polymorphisms were characterised using PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan assays, respectively. Plasma EFV concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.<br />Results: There was an inverse association between plasma EFV concentration and CMV DNA. Participants with lower plasma EFV concentrations were significantly (p&lt;0.001) more likely to be CMV DNA positive than those with higher plasma concentrations. This result is also supported by the observation that carriers of CYP2B6 poor-metaboliser genotypes (CYP2B6 c.516T/T and CYP2B6 c.983T/C) were less likely to be positive for CMV DNA. Furthermore, poor metabolism as denoted by CYP2B6 c.516T/T and CYP2B6 c.983T/C genotypes was significantly associated with lower CMV viral load.<br />Conclusions: HIV treatment disrupts the balance between host and co-infecting microbes. Reduced or subtherapeutic levels of antiretroviral drugs, which could be exacerbated by genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism genes and non-adherence, predispose infected individuals to an increased risk of CMV infection in pregnancy.
- Subjects :
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections blood
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections diagnosis
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections prevention & control
Adult
Alkynes
Benzoxazines blood
Benzoxazines therapeutic use
Coinfection blood
Coinfection diagnosis
Coinfection prevention & control
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cyclopropanes
Cytomegalovirus Infections blood
Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis
Cytomegalovirus Infections prevention & control
Female
Humans
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious blood
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors blood
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use
Risk Factors
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections etiology
Benzoxazines pharmacokinetics
Coinfection etiology
Cytomegalovirus Infections etiology
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious etiology
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacokinetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2078-5135
- Volume :
- 110
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31865936
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v110i1.14316