T-lymphocyte subsets and Th1/Th2 cytokines in convalescent patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated aplastic anemia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze T-lymphocyte subsets and Th1/Th2 cytokines in convalescent patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated aplastic anemia (AA). Methods: Sixty AA patients were enrolled, who were in remission following immunosuppressive therapy, including 34 EBV-negative cases and 26 EBV-positive cases. Their complete blood count (CBC), T-lymphocyte subsets, Th1/Th2 cytokines were analyzed. The correlation between EBV-DNA and T-lymphocyte subsets was evaluated, as well as the relationship between EBV-DNA and Th1/Th2 cytokines. The presence of EBV-DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also assessed in 60 normal controls. Results: EBV-DNA was detected in 26/60 (43.33%) patients and 21/60 (35.00%) controls. EBV-DNA copy number in AA patients was higher than in controls (Z = -2.138, P  = 0.033). The percentage of CD3 ⁺ CD4 ⁺ T-lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺ T-lymphocytes in the EBV-negative group were higher than in the EBV-positive group ( P  = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). EBV was positively correlated with CD3 ⁺ CD8 ⁺ T-lymphocyte percentages (Pearson R: 0.496, P  = 0.009). Moreover, EBV was positively correlated with IL-10 and IFN-γ levels (Pearson R: 0.559, P  = 0.002 and Pearson R: 0.621, P  = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: EBV-DNA copy number in AA patients was higher than in normal controls. Both AA and EBV infection may cause changes in the levels of T-lymphocyte subsets. We recommend monitoring the changes in the immune function and EBV infection simultaneously in AA patients, especially following immunosuppressive therapy.