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Cytisus scoparius and Ulex europaeus Produce Volatile Organic Compounds with Powerful Synergistic Herbicidal Effects.
- Source :
-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) [Molecules] 2019 Dec 11; Vol. 24 (24). Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 11. - Publication Year :
- 2019
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Abstract
- New herbicides based on natural products are claimed to address weed resistance and environmental concerns related to synthetic herbicides. In our previous studies, certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Ulex europaeus and Cytisus scoparius were argued to be responsible for the phytotoxicity of both shrub species. Interactions among VOCs were hypothesized to explain the inconsistency between the effects of the identified pure compounds and those naturally emitted from fresh plant material. In this work, eugenol, verbenone, terpinen-4-ol, α -terpineol, and linalool were assayed as binary mixtures of Amaranthus retroflexus and Digitaria sanguinalis . Powerful synergistic inhibitory effects were revealed for germination and early growth. Only 3.1 ppm of verbenone was enough to inhibit A. retroflexus germination when paired to other VOCs. Eugenol was capable of exacerbating the effects of terpinen-4-ol on A. retroflexus , even though it was innocuous when acting alone at 12.5 ppm. The verbenone and linalool pair produced very significant synergistic effects in terms of D. sanguinalis germination. The synergistic effects were predominantly irreversible for D. sanguinalis , since seeds exposed to paired VOCs were unable to recover their germination capacity after removing the phytotoxins or produced damaged seedlings. Both shrub species have been revealed as sources of natural herbicide molecules, with promising synergistic modes of action that deserve to be studied in depth.
- Subjects :
- Acyclic Monoterpenes chemistry
Acyclic Monoterpenes pharmacology
Amaranthus drug effects
Amaranthus growth & development
Bicyclic Monoterpenes chemistry
Bicyclic Monoterpenes pharmacology
Digitaria drug effects
Digitaria growth & development
Drug Synergism
Eugenol chemistry
Eugenol pharmacology
Germination drug effects
Herbicides chemistry
Plant Extracts chemistry
Volatile Organic Compounds chemistry
Cytisus chemistry
Herbicides pharmacology
Ulex chemistry
Volatile Organic Compounds pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1420-3049
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31835831
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244539