New serum tumor markers S100, TFF3 and AIF-1 and their possible use in oncogynecology.

Objective: To review a literature about possible new blood serum gynecologic tumor markers, S100 proteins family, trefoil factor 3 and AIF-1.
Design: Literature review.
Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc.
Methods: Literature review of articles published in PubMed database till January 2019.
Results: The association of S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A11 with breast carcinoma has been demonstrated in the literature. The association of S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7A, S100A10, S100A14, S100A16, S100B, S100P (up-regulation associated with a lower survival) and S100A1, S100A13, S100A5, S100A13 and S100G proteins (up-regulation associated with a better survival) have been demonstrated in ovarian cancer patients. Cervical carcinoma has been shown to be associated with the S100A9 protein. TFF3 association with endometrial cancer, breast cancer (worse prognosis) and ovarian cancer (better prognosis) has been demonstrated. AIF-1 has been shown to increase expression in cervical cancer.
Conclusion: Tumor markers can be a very useful tool for patient management when used appropriately. Further research in this area and the search for new tumor markers, including S100, TFF3 and AIF-1, are needed. In future studies, scientists should focus not only on one time point, but assess the trend of the tumor markers for a specific time axis.