The usage of a lactobacilli probiotic in the non-surgical therapy of peri-implantitis: A randomized pilot study.

Objectives: Examine the clinical and microbiological benefits of a dual-strain Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic on the non-surgical therapy of initial peri-implantitis.
Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind study targeted patients with initial peri-implantitis, that is peri-implantitis with a maximum mean probing pocket depth of 6 mm and maximum 3 mm bone loss compared with loading. A full-mouth prophylaxis was performed and the peri-implantitis sites were debrided. Subsequently, local application of the study drops was carried out at the peri-implantitis sites and the study lozenges were handed out. The patients in the probiotic group received drops and lozenges containing L. reuteri (ATCC PTA 5289 & DSM 17938), those in the control group received placebo products. At the implant level the measurements of interest were bleeding, probing pocket depth and plaque. Full-mouth bleeding and plaque scores were also recorded. Microbiological samples were taken from the tongue, saliva and subgingivally around the implants.
Results: All clinical parameters were significantly decreased after 12 and 24 weeks. At the implant level the only statistically significant difference was a greater decrease in plaque levels in the probiotic versus the control group (p = .002 at 24 weeks). At the full-mouth level, the only intergroup difference was the greater decrease in full-mouth bleeding on probing sites in the probiotic group compared with the control group (p < .001 at 24 weeks). Concerning the microbiological outcomes, no significant differences could be found at any time point, neither intra- nor intergroup.
Conclusions: No adjunctive effects of the use of L. reuteri probiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis were found.
(© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)