Pros and cons of a minimally invasive percutaneous subdural drainage system for evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma under local anesthesia.

Objective: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is a common neurosurgical disease among elderly population with concomitant degenerative neurological disorders. This is a retrospective series-control analysis of prospectively collected data, aiming to show advantages and indications of a minimally invasive, percutaneous drainage system for CSH.
Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyse the clinical and radiological data of a minimally invasive, percutaneous draining system (Integra ™) used in fifteen patients (Group A; mean age: 75.7) with CSH, and compare them with those obtained from two retrospective series of patients: the first one (Group B 15 patients, mean age 77.1) treated with standard, single-burr hole technique for subdural drainage under general anaesthesia; the second one (Group C 15 patients, mean age 76.4) treated with standard, single-burr hole technique for subdural drainage under local anaesthesia and mild sedation. All The percutaneous procedures (Group A) were performed under local anaesthesia.
Results: Mean follow-up was 10.9 (range 3-14), 18.2 (range 10-29) and 15.2 (range 8-28) months in Group A, B and C respectively. Three of 15 and in Group B experienced a worsening of pre-existing neurodegenerative disorders after general anaesthesia. One patient in group C suffering from Parkinson's disease experienced a worsening of gait disturbances. Post-operative CT scans were performed at 48 h and 21 days after the operation. An early post-operative CT-scan, obtained immediately after surgical procedure, was performed in all Group A patients. No differences in CSH evacuation were observed comparing the three groups. Two recurrent hematomas, one in group A and one in group B, required revision. Post-operative hospitalization was similar (5.1 vs 5.7 vs 5.6 days, respectively, in group A, B and C) but analgesics use was lower in Group A.
Conclusion: Pre-operative evaluation of radiological features of CSDHs is crucial in determining the right indication for a minimally invasive drainage. Minimally invasive treatments of CSH may reduce the use of anaesthetic drugs and worsening of pre-existing neurodegenerative disorders.
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