High-Temperature Molecular Ferroelectric Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) Ammonium Bromide with Dielectric Relaxation.

We obtained one new molecular ferroelectric material tris(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium bromide ( TAB ) that crystallizes in aqueous solution at room temperature with a space group of R 3 m which belongs to ten polar space groups. There is a paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition at 424 K (from hexagonal R 3̅ m to hexagonal R 3 m phase). Such a high transition temperature is close to that of diisopropylamine bromide (426 K) and higher than that of many other molecular ferroelectrics, such as triethylmethylammonium tetrabromoferrate(III) (360 K); some of the organic-inorganic perovskite ferroelectrics, such as (cyclohexylammonium) ₂ PbBr ₄ (363 K); and some inorganic ferroelectrics, including BaTiO ₃ (393 K). The saturated polarization and the coercive field of TAB measured from the ferroelectric hysteresis loop are about 0.54 μC·cm ^-2 and 0.62 kV/cm, respectively. Given its superior performance, including high phase transition temperature, room-temperature ferroelectricity, small coercive electric field, and adjustable ladder-shaped dielectric constant, TAB will have many potential applications.