Preliminary design and characterization of a low-cost and low-power visible light positioning system.

Designs and results for a low-power and economical fingerprint visible light positioning (VLP) system are discussed in this paper. A system using four white LEDs and one photodiode was deployed. The LEDs are independently controlled and modulated by individual transmitter circuits, removing the requirement for a large, expensive signal generator. The receiver circuit filters and converts the received signal to DC, allowing a simple microcontroller to save the received signal. We propose the creation of a fingerprint database by recording signal data, fitting a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution to the data, and then generating the fingerprint database for all positions in the evaluation system. System positioning accuracy of 13.44+/-0.36  mm was observed, corresponding to a relative error of 2.8% with respect to the system dimensions. This result presents an improvement on positioning accuracy for fingerprint positioning VLP systems, which build their own transmitters.