Apolipoprotein A-IV acts as an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein and is reduced in treatment-naïve allergic patients and allergen-challenged mice.

Background: Recent studies pointed to a crucial role for apolipoproteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of apolipoprotein-IV (ApoA-IV) in allergic inflammation has not been addressed thoroughly thus far.
Objective: Here, we explored the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying signaling pathways of ApoA-IV on eosinophil effector function in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: Migratory responsiveness, Ca ²⁺ -flux and apoptosis of human peripheral blood eosinophils were assessed in vitro. Allergen-driven airway inflammation was assessed in a mouse model of acute house dust mite-induced asthma. ApoA-IV serum levels were determined by ELISA.
Results: Recombinant ApoA-IV potently inhibited eosinophil responsiveness in vitro as measured by Ca ²⁺ -flux, shape change, integrin (CD11b) expression, and chemotaxis. The underlying molecular mechanism involved the activation of Rev-ErbA-α and induced a PI3K/PDK1/PKA-dependent signaling cascade. Systemic application of ApoA-IV prevented airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia in mice following allergen challenge. ApoA-IV levels were decreased in serum from allergic patients compared to healthy controls.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that ApoA-IV is an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein that potently suppresses effector cell functions in eosinophils. Thus, exogenously applied ApoA-IV may represent a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of allergic inflammation and other eosinophil-driven disorders.
(© 2019 The Authors. Allergy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)