Associations Between Diffusion Dynamics and Functional Outcome in Acute and Early Subacute Ischemic Stroke.

Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate the associations between diffusion dynamics of ischemic lesions and clinical functional outcome of acute and early subacute stroke.
Material and Methods: A total of 80 patients with first ever infarcts in the territory of the middle cerebral artery underwent multi-b-values diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging. Multiple diffusion parameters were generated in postprocessing using different diffusion models. Long-term functional outcome was evaluated with modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 6 months post-stroke. Good functional outcome was defined as mRS score ≤ 2 and poor functional outcome was defined as mRS score ≥ 3. Univariate analysis was used to compare the diffusion parameters and clinical features between patients with poor and good functional outcome. Significant parameters were further analyzed for correlations with functional outcome using partial correlation.
Results: In univariate analyses, standard-b-values apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC _st ) ratio and fractional anisotropy (FA) ratio of acute stroke, ADC _st ratio and mean kurtosis (MK) ratio of early subacute stroke were statistically different between patients with poor outcome and good outcome (P < 0.05). When the potential confounding factor of lesion volume was controlled, only FA ratio of acute stroke, ADC _st ratio and MK ratio of early subacute stroke remained correlated with the functional outcome (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Diffusion dynamics are correlated with the clinical functional outcome of ischemic stroke. This correlation is independent of the effect of lesion volume and is specific to the time period between symptom onset and imaging. More effort is needed to further investigate the predictive value of diffusion-weighted imaging.