Exposure to violence across multiple contexts and health risk behaviours in South African adolescents: the moderating role of emotion dysregulation.

Objective: The association between violence exposure and health risk behaviours in South African adolescents, and the moderating role of emotion dysregulation were investigated. Design: A multi-ethnic sample of adolescents ( N  = 925: boy: 47.3%, girl: 52.7%, M age = 16 years, SD  = 1.54) completed a survey. Main outcome measures: Violence exposure across different contexts (home-, school-, community-, political victimisation), emotion dysregulation (inability to regulate sadness and anger) and a composite measure of health risk behaviours (smoking, substance use, risky sexual behaviour) were examined. Results: Boys reported more risk behaviours than girls, t (844) = 5.25, p  < 0.001. Direct community victimisation was a predictor for boys' risk behaviours, B  = 0.22, p  < 0.001. Indirect school victimisation and direct community victimisation were predictors for girls' risk behaviours, B 's = 0.19, p' s < 0.01. Girls reported higher emotion dysregulation than boys, t (748) = -2.95, p  < 0.01. Only for girls, emotion dysregulation moderated the associations of indirect home victimisation, B  = 16, p  < 0.01, and direct community victimisation, B  = 15, p  < 0.05, with risk behaviours. Conclusion: Interventions may target emotion regulation skills, particularly for girls, to enhance resilience to the negative effects of violence on behaviours.