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Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium.
- Source :
-
Public health nutrition [Public Health Nutr] 2019 Dec; Vol. 22 (17), pp. 3189-3199. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 May 21. - Publication Year :
- 2019
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Abstract
- Objective: To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.<br />Design: Children's weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.<br />Setting: Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.<br />Participants: Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2-4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3-5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7-11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10-13-year-olds).<br />Results: Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0⋅01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0⋅14 (0⋅04, 0⋅23); GROW, 0⋅12 (0⋅02, 0⋅21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, -3⋅15 (-5⋅37, -0⋅92); GROW, -2⋅44 (-4⋅27, -0⋅61); GOALS, -5⋅80 (-8⋅74, -2⋅86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.<br />Conclusions: Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children's snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2-5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Beverages
Child
Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet, Healthy
Energy Intake
Ethnicity
Female
Humans
Male
Meals
Poverty
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
United States
Body Mass Index
Diet
Feeding Behavior
Pediatric Obesity prevention & control
Snacks
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1475-2727
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Public health nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31112114
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019000958