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Vitamin D status in the United States, 2011-2014.
- Source :
-
The American journal of clinical nutrition [Am J Clin Nutr] 2019 Jul 01; Vol. 110 (1), pp. 150-157. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Background: Vitamin D is important for bone health; in 2014 it was the fifth most commonly ordered laboratory test among Medicare Part B payments.<br />Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe vitamin D status in the US population in 2011-2014 and trends from 2003 to 2014.<br />Methods: We used serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from NHANES 2011-2014 (n = 16,180), and estimated the prevalence at risk of deficiency (<30 nmol/L) or prevalence at risk of inadequacy (30-49 nmol/L) by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and dietary intake of vitamin D. We also present trends between 2003 and 2014.<br />Results: In 2011-2014, the percentage aged ≥1 y at risk of vitamin D deficiency or inadequacy was 5.0% (95% CI: 4.1%, 6.2%) and 18.3% (95% CI: 16.2%, 20.6%). The prevalence of at risk of deficiency was lowest among children aged 1-5 y (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%), peaked among adults aged 20-39 y (7.6%; 95% CI: 6.0%, 9.6%), and fell to 2.9% (95% CI: 2.0%, 4.0%) among adults aged ≥60 y; the prevalence of at risk of inadequacy was similar. The prevalence of at risk of deficiency was higher among non-Hispanic black (17.5%; 95% CI: 15.2%, 20.0%) than among non-Hispanic Asian (7.6%; 95% CI: 5.9%, 9.9%), non-Hispanic white (2.1%; 95% CI: 1.5%, 2.7%), and Hispanic (5.9%; 95% CI: 4.4%, 7.8%) persons; the prevalence of at risk of inadequacy was similar. Persons with higher vitamin D dietary intake or who used supplements had lower prevalences of at risk of deficiency or inadequacy. From 2003 to 2014 there was no change in the risk of vitamin D deficiency; the risk of inadequacy declined from 21.0% (95% CI: 17.9%, 24.5%) to 17.7% (95% CI: 16.0%, 19.7%).<br />Conclusion: The prevalence of at risk of vitamin D deficiency in the United States remained stable from 2003 to 2014; at risk of inadequacy declined. Differences in vitamin D status by race and Hispanic origin warrant additional investigation.<br /> (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2019.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Black or African American
Asian People
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Female
Hispanic or Latino
Humans
Infant
Male
Middle Aged
Nutrition Surveys
Risk Factors
United States epidemiology
Vitamin D administration & dosage
Vitamin D blood
White People
Young Adult
Nutritional Status
Vitamin D analogs & derivatives
Vitamin D Deficiency epidemiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1938-3207
- Volume :
- 110
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The American journal of clinical nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 31076739
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz037