[CURRENT APPROACHES TO PREVENTION OF BLEEDINGS, ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY IN NEWBORNS AND INFANTS].

In the article intended for neonatologists, general practitioners and family doctors, the main causes of hemostatic disorders that lead to the development of hemorrhagic syndrome in newborns and infants are given. The emphasis is on the different forms of neonatal hemorrhagic disease (HD), which is based on the deficiency of vitamin K1, and therefore the bleeding that is observed in children who are breastfed in the first half of life is mostly associated, namely, with vitamin K deficiency. Risk factors of HD depending from the time of the beginning, of the action of one or another factor. The main clinical manifestations of both early and late forms of HD are described, it is shown which of them are mistakenly diagnosed that lead to the appointment of the wrong treatment. The assessment of the need for prevention of late form of bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency is carried out by determining the concentration in the blood of a functional coagulation marker - PIVKA II. Modern methods of prevention of late bleeding associated with vitamin K1 deficiency, based on nosological units - chronic cholestasis, cystic fibrosis, are presented. The current recommendations on the use of vitamin K1 in newborns and infants of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the scientific community of Canada, Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, France, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), the World Health Organization, which are clearly followed by the effects of local peculiarities are described and interpreted. on approaches to the prevention of bleeding associated with vitamin K1 deficiency, which affects the choice of a single dose, the duration of the prophylactic course and the route of administration of vitamin in K1 (phytomenadion). The role of parents in the prevention of vitamin K deficiency is emphasized.