[Prospects of buccal epithelium application for noninvasive diagnosis of coronary heart disease in people of different age.]

Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis, in many countries of the world are one of the most important social and economic problems due to the high morbidity and mortality rate of the working population. Recently, the immunological theory of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been actively developed, and the search for markers of inflammation characterizing immuno- and atherogenesis has been conducted. Buccal epithelium (BE) can be used as biological material for in vivo molecular-cellular studies, allowing to diagnose CHD by inflammation markers. The purpose of the work was a comparative study of the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1 and GDF-15 in BE in patients of different ages with CHD and without cardiovascular disease. The material of BE in healthy donors and patients with 2nd stage CHD was divided into groups according to age classification of the WHO: the 1st - middle-aged people (45-59 years) and the 2nd - elderly people (60-74 years). Control material was obtained from people of middle and old age without cardiovascular disease. According to the immunocytochemical study, the area of IL-1β expression in BE is 3 times higher in middle-aged people with CHD, and in 4,4 times higher in elderly people compared to healthy individuals of the same age group. The area of IL-6 expression in middle-aged and elderly people with CHD was in 7,9 and 7,4 times higher, respectively, than in the control group. In middle-aged and elderly patients with CHD, IL-10 expression was in 1,6 and 2,8 times higher, respectively, compared to healthy donors of the same age group. The expression of MCP-1 in BE of middle-aged and elderly people in normal and ischemic heart disease did not differ. GDF-15 expression is in 6,8 and 6,6 times higher in middle-aged and elderly people with CHD than in healthy people of the same age. The findings showed that the expression of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and GDF-15 increase in BE in patients with CHD of middle-aged and elderly people compared with persons of the same age group without cardiovascular disease. Thus, BE can serve as an informative material for noninvasive molecular diagnosis of CHD in people of different ages.