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Pivotal role of inter-organ aspartate metabolism for treatment of mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (citrin) deficiency, based on the mouse model.
- Source :
-
Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2019 Mar 12; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 4179. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Mar 12. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Previous studies using citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase (mGPD) double-knockout mice have demonstrated that increased dietary protein reduces the extent of carbohydrate-induced hyperammonemia observed in these mice. This study aimed to further elucidate the mechanisms of this effect. Specific amino acids were initially found to decrease hepatic G3P, or increase aspartate or citrulline levels, in mGPD-knockout mice administered ethanol. Unexpectedly, oral glycine increased ammonia in addition to lowering G3P and increasing citrulline. Subsequently, simultaneous glycine-plus-sucrose (Gly + Suc) administration led to a more severe hyperammonemic state in double-KO mice compared to sucrose alone. Oral arginine, ornithine, aspartate, alanine, glutamate and medium-chain triglycerides all lowered blood ammonia following Gly + Suc administration, with combinations of ornithine-plus-aspartate (Orn + Asp) or ornithine-plus-alanine (Orn + Ala) suppressing levels similar to wild-type. Liver perfusion and portal vein-arterial amino acid differences suggest that oral aspartate, similar to alanine, likely activated ureagenesis from ammonia and lowered the cytosolic NADH/NAD <superscript>+</superscript> ratio through conversion to alanine in the small intestine. In conclusion, Gly + Suc administration induces a more severe hyperammonemic state in double-KO mice that Orn + Asp or Orn + Ala both effectively suppress. Aspartate-to-alanine conversion in the small intestine allows for effective oral administration of either, demonstrating a pivotal role of inter-organ aspartate metabolism for the treatment of citrin deficiency.
- Subjects :
- Amino Acids blood
Amino Acids pharmacology
Ammonia blood
Ammonium Chloride metabolism
Animals
Citrulline pharmacology
Disease Models, Animal
Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase metabolism
Hyperammonemia blood
Intestine, Small metabolism
Lactates metabolism
Liver metabolism
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Ornithine pharmacology
Perfusion
Portal Vein metabolism
Pyruvic Acid metabolism
Urea metabolism
Aspartic Acid metabolism
Citrullinemia metabolism
Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins deficiency
Organ Specificity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2045-2322
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Scientific reports
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30862943
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39627-y