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Neurotoxicity of low-level lead exposure: History, mechanisms of action, and behavioral effects in humans and preclinical models.
- Source :
-
Neurotoxicology [Neurotoxicology] 2019 Jul; Vol. 73, pp. 58-80. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Mar 02. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Lead is a neurotoxin that produces long-term, perhaps irreversible, effects on health and well-being. This article summarizes clinical and preclinical studies that have employed a variety of research techniques to examine the neurotoxic effects of low levels of lead exposure. A historical perspective is presented, followed by an overview of studies that examined behavioral and cognitive outcomes. In addition, a short summary of potential mechanisms of action is provided with a focus on calcium-dependent processes. The current level of concern, or reference level, set by the CDC is 5 μg/dL of lead in blood and a revision to 3.5 μg/dL has been suggested. However, levels of lead below 3 μg/dL have been shown to produce diminished cognitive function and maladaptive behavior in humans and animal models. Because much of the research has focused on higher concentrations of lead, work on low concentrations is needed to better understand the neurobehavioral effects and mechanisms of action of this neurotoxic metal.<br /> (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Animals
Brain growth & development
Child
Child, Preschool
Cognition drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mice
Middle Aged
Rats
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Toxicity Tests
Young Adult
Adolescent Behavior drug effects
Adolescent Development drug effects
Brain drug effects
Child Behavior drug effects
Child Development drug effects
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult history
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult physiopathology
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult psychology
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood history
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood physiopathology
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood psychology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1872-9711
- Volume :
- 73
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Neurotoxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30836127
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.021