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FTO controls reversible m 6 Am RNA methylation during snRNA biogenesis.
- Source :
-
Nature chemical biology [Nat Chem Biol] 2019 Apr; Vol. 15 (4), pp. 340-347. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 18. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are core spliceosome components and mediate pre-mRNA splicing. Here we show that snRNAs contain a regulated and reversible nucleotide modification causing them to exist as two different methyl isoforms, m <subscript>1</subscript> and m <subscript>2</subscript> , reflecting the methylation state of the adenosine adjacent to the snRNA cap. We find that snRNA biogenesis involves the formation of an initial m <subscript>1</subscript> isoform with a single-methylated adenosine (2'-O-methyladenosine, Am), which is then converted to a dimethylated m <subscript>2</subscript> isoform (N <superscript>6</superscript> ,2'-O-dimethyladenosine, m <superscript>6</superscript> Am). The relative m <subscript>1</subscript> and m <subscript>2</subscript> isoform levels are determined by the RNA demethylase FTO, which selectively demethylates the m <subscript>2</subscript> isoform. We show FTO is inhibited by the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, resulting in increased m <subscript>2</subscript> -snRNA levels. Furthermore, cells that exhibit high m <subscript>2</subscript> -snRNA levels show altered patterns of alternative splicing. Together, these data reveal that FTO controls a previously unknown central step of snRNA processing involving reversible methylation, and suggest that epitranscriptomic information in snRNA may influence mRNA splicing.
- Subjects :
- Adenosine biosynthesis
Adenosine metabolism
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO metabolism
Alternative Splicing
Animals
HEK293 Cells
Humans
Male
Methylation
Mice
Mice, Knockout
RNA Precursors genetics
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional genetics
RNA, Messenger biosynthesis
RNA, Messenger genetics
RNA, Small Nuclear metabolism
Adenosine analogs & derivatives
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO physiology
RNA, Small Nuclear biosynthesis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1552-4469
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nature chemical biology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30778204
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-019-0231-8