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Residential Exposure to PM 2.5 and Ozone and Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis Among Women Transitioning Through Menopause: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
- Source :
-
Journal of women's health (2002) [J Womens Health (Larchmt)] 2019 Jun; Vol. 28 (6), pp. 802-811. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 07. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Objective: This article aims to examine the association between long-term ambient air pollution and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis with 2-year follow-up among midlife women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Materials and Methods: Carotid duplex ultrasonography was performed in participants from a SWAN ancillary study carried out at the Pittsburgh and Chicago sites. Mean and maximum carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque burden were assessed throughout the common, bulb, and internal carotid artery. The yearly mean exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> (particulate matter) and ozone was generated based on monitors within 20 km of the participants' home. The effect of air pollutants during follow-up on progression of CIMT was estimated using linear mixed-effects models, and the effect on progression of plaque presence and plaque index, a measure of extent of plaque, was evaluated using logistic regression. Results: This study included 417 (257 White and 160 Black) women with a mean age of 51 years at baseline. A 1 μg/m <superscript>3</superscript> higher yearly mean exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> during follow-up was associated with a 4.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-8.54) μm/year increase in maximum CIMT, after adjusting for socioeconomic and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> contributed to a 30% (95% CI: 3%-65%) higher odds of plaque index progression adjusting for socioeconomic factors only. Conclusions: PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> independently contributed to progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, among women transitioning through menopause, a time of increasing CVD risk. Yet no significant associations between ozone and subclinical atherosclerosis were observed.
- Subjects :
- Atherosclerosis epidemiology
Black People statistics & numerical data
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Cohort Studies
Female
Humans
Menopause
Middle Aged
Plaque, Atherosclerotic
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
United States epidemiology
White People statistics & numerical data
Black or African American
Air Pollutants adverse effects
Atherosclerosis etiology
Ozone
Particulate Matter adverse effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1931-843X
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of women's health (2002)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30730252
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7182