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Electrochemistry at the Synapse.
- Source :
-
Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) [Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif)] 2019 Jun 12; Vol. 12 (1), pp. 297-321. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 01. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters provide insight into the dynamics of neurotransmission. In this review, we describe the development of electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters and how they started with extrasynaptic measurements but now are pushing toward synaptic measurements. Traditionally, biosensors or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry have monitored extrasynaptic levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, glutamate, and acetylcholine. Amperometry and electrochemical cytometry techniques have revealed mechanisms of exocytosis, suggesting partial release. Advances in nanoelectrodes now allow spatially resolved, electrochemical measurements in a synapse, which is only 20-100 nm wide. Synaptic measurements of dopamine and acetylcholine have been made. In this article, electrochemical measurements are also compared to optical imaging and mass spectrometry measurements, and while these other techniques provide enhanced spatial or chemical information, electrochemistry is best at monitoring real-time neurotransmission. Future challenges include combining electrochemistry with these other techniques in order to facilitate multisite and multianalyte monitoring.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1936-1335
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30707593
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115434