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The balance of type 1 and type 2 immune responses in the contexts of hepatitis B infection and hepatitis D infection.
- Source :
-
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology [J Gastroenterol Hepatol] 2019 Apr; Vol. 34 (4), pp. 764-775. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 25. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Background and Aim: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is the most rapidly progressive chronic viral hepatitis. Little is understood about the immune responses to HDV. This study aims to characterize the systemic immune environments of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV patients at various disease stages.<br />Methods: A total of 129 subjects were evaluated: 53 HBV, 43 HDV, and 33 healthy controls. HBV and HDV subjects were categorized by aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) into mild (APRI < 0.5), moderate, and severe (APRI > 1.0). Serum cytokines and immune markers were assessed at a single treatment-naïve time-point.<br />Results: Type 1 cytokines are elevated in both HBV and HDV. Both groups show higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-12p40, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 when compared with controls (all P < 0.05). However, only HBV group displayed elevated γ-interferon compared with controls. Type 2 cytokines are elevated in HBV. HBV group shows higher IL-4, IL-13, and C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 26 compared with healthy controls and HDV. Chemokines CCL2 and CCL13 are lower in HDV. When assessing ratios, HDV displays higher γ-interferon/IL-4, TNF-α/IL-4, and TNF-α/IL-13 ratios than HBV and controls.<br />Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus and HDV subjects show similarly elevated type 1 cytokines. HDV subjects display relatively lower type 2 cytokines. These differences in the systemic immune environments, particularly the predominance of type 1 responses, may contribute to the comparatively rapid progression of HDV disease. Characterization of the imbalance in type 1 and type 2 immunity unique HDV has the potential to provide immunological insights for designing therapeutic targets in HDV-associated disease progression.<br /> (© 2019 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Chemokine CCL2 blood
Chemokines, CXC blood
Disease Progression
Female
Hepatitis D therapy
Humans
Interferon-gamma blood
Interleukin-12 blood
Interleukin-13 blood
Interleukin-4 blood
Male
Middle Aged
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha blood
Cytokines blood
Hepatitis B immunology
Hepatitis B virus immunology
Hepatitis D immunology
Hepatitis Delta Virus immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1440-1746
- Volume :
- 34
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30695096
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14617