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Role of aldose reductase in diabetes-induced retinal microglia activation.
- Source :
-
Chemico-biological interactions [Chem Biol Interact] 2019 Apr 01; Vol. 302, pp. 46-52. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jan 23. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia plays a key pathogenic role in degenerative retinal diseases. In diabetic hyperglycemia, aldose reductase (AR) is elevated and linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract. Retinal microglia (RMG), the resident immune cells in the retina, are thought to contribute to the proinflammatory phenotype in the diabetic eye. However, we have a limited understanding of the potential role of AR expressed in RMG as a mediator of inflammation in the diabetic retina. Glycated proteins accumulate in diabetes, including Amadori-glycated albumin (AGA) which has been shown to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in various tissues. In this study, we investigated the ability of AGA to stimulate inflammatory changes to RMG and macrophages, and whether AR plays a role in this process. In macrophages, treatment with an AR inhibitor (Sorbinil) or genetic knockdown of AR lowered AGA-induced TNF-α secretion (56% and 40%, respectively) as well as cell migration. In a mouse RMG model, AR inhibition attenuated AGA-induced TNF-α secretion and cell migration (67% and 40%, respectively). To further mimic the diabetic milieu in retina, we cultured RMG under conditions of hypoxia and observed the induction of TNF-α and VEGF protein expression. Downregulation of AR in either a pharmacological or genetic manner prevented hypoxia-induced TNF-α and VEGF expression. In our animal study, increased numbers of RMG observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retina was substantially lower when diabetes was induced in AR knockout mice. Thus, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that AR is involved in diabetes-induced RMG activation, providing a rationale for targeting AR as a therapeutic strategy for DR.<br /> (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cell Hypoxia
Cell Movement drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental chemically induced
Down-Regulation drug effects
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases antagonists & inhibitors
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases genetics
Imidazolidines pharmacology
Macrophages cytology
Macrophages metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microglia cytology
Microglia metabolism
RAW 264.7 Cells
RNA Interference
RNA, Small Interfering metabolism
Retina cytology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental pathology
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1872-7786
- Volume :
- 302
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Chemico-biological interactions
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30682331
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.020