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Dietary Fatty Acids Amplify Inflammatory Responses to Infection through p38 MAPK Signaling.
- Source :
-
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology [Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol] 2019 May; Vol. 60 (5), pp. 554-568. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Obesity is an important risk factor for severe asthma exacerbations, which are mainly caused by respiratory infections. Dietary fatty acids, which are increased systemically in obese patients and are further increased after high-fat meals, affect the innate immune system and may contribute to dysfunctional immune responses to respiratory infection. In this study we investigated the effects of dietary fatty acids on immune responses to respiratory infection in pulmonary fibroblasts and a bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Cells were challenged with BSA-conjugated fatty acids (ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs], ω-3 PUFAs, or saturated fatty acids [SFAs]) +/- the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) or bacterial compound lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and release of proinflammatory cytokines was measured. In both cell types, challenge with arachidonic acid (AA) (ω-6 PUFA) and poly(I:C) or LTA led to substantially greater IL-6 and CXCL8 release than either challenge alone, demonstrating synergy. In epithelial cells, palmitic acid (SFA) combined with poly(I:C) also led to greater IL-6 release. The underlying signaling pathways of AA and poly(I:C)- or LTA-induced cytokine release were examined using specific signaling inhibitors and IB. Cytokine production in pulmonary fibroblasts was prostaglandin dependent, and synergistic upregulation occurred via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, whereas cytokine production in bronchial epithelial cell lines was mainly mediated through JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. We confirmed these findings using rhinovirus infection, demonstrating that AA enhances rhinovirus-induced cytokine release. This study suggests that during respiratory infection, increased levels of dietary ω-6 PUFAs and SFAs may lead to more severe airway inflammation and may contribute to and/or increase the severity of asthma exacerbations.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Cell Line
Docosahexaenoic Acids pharmacology
Eicosapentaenoic Acid pharmacology
Epithelial Cells immunology
Epithelial Cells pathology
Female
Fibroblasts immunology
Fibroblasts pathology
Gene Expression Regulation
HeLa Cells
Humans
Interleukin-6 genetics
Interleukin-6 immunology
Interleukin-8 genetics
Interleukin-8 immunology
Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology
Lung immunology
Lung pathology
MAP Kinase Kinase 4 genetics
MAP Kinase Kinase 4 immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Poly I-C pharmacology
Primary Cell Culture
Rhinovirus drug effects
Rhinovirus growth & development
Signal Transduction immunology
Teichoic Acids pharmacology
alpha-Linolenic Acid pharmacology
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases genetics
Arachidonic Acid pharmacology
Epithelial Cells drug effects
Fibroblasts drug effects
Palmitic Acid pharmacology
Signal Transduction drug effects
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1535-4989
- Volume :
- 60
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30648905
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2018-0215OC