Vitamin D status is associated with 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Serum 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) concentrations are short-term hyperglycemia indicators and were used to estimate the effects of serum vitamin D concentrations on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serum concentrations of 1,5-AG, 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₂ (25-OH-D ₂ ), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃ (25-OH-D ₃ ) from 11 026 patients with T2DM, hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Central Hospital of Xuhui District, from January 2012 to June 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. Correlation analyses revealed correlations between 1,5-AG and 25-OH-D ₃ ( r = 0.05, P < 0.001), age ( r = 0.05, P < 0.001), and 25-OH-D ₂ + 25-OH-D ₃ (25-OH-D ₂ /D ₃ ) ( r = 0.05, P < 0.001). Linear regression analyses revealed associations between 1,5-AG and 25-OH-D ₂ /D ₃ (adjusted R ² = 0.003) as well as 25-OH-D ₃ (adjusted R ² = 0.002). In males with 1,5-AG levels ≤11.55 mg/L, serum concentrations of 25-OH-D ₂ ( P < 0.001) and 25-OH-D ₃ ( P = 0.001) were significantly lower than those in diabetic males with 1,5-AG levels >11.55 mg/L. Serum concentrations of 25-OH-D ₂ /D ₃ in patients with T2DM were associated with 1,5-AG retention, suggesting involvement in glycemic control.