Mechanisms of Supralinear Calcium Integration in Dendrites of Hippocampal CA1 Fast-Spiking Cells.

In fast-spiking (FS), parvalbumin-expressing interneurons of the CA1 hippocampus, activation of the GluA2-lacking Ca ²⁺ -permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in basal dendrites is coupled to Ca ²⁺ -induced Ca ²⁺ -release (CICR), and can result in a supralinear summation of postsynaptic Ca ²⁺ -transients (post-CaTs). While this mechanism is important in controlling the direction of long-term plasticity, it is still unknown whether it can operate at all excitatory synapses converging onto FS cells or at a set of synapses receiving a particular input. Using a combination of patch-clamp recordings and two-photon Ca ²⁺ imaging in acute mouse hippocampal slices with computational simulations, here we compared the generation of supralinear post-CaTs between apical and basal dendrites of FS cells. We found that, similar to basal dendrites, apical post-CaTs summated supralinearly and relied mainly on the activation of the CP-AMPARs, with a variable contribution of other Ca ²⁺ sources, such as NMDA receptors, L-type voltage-gated Ca ²⁺ -channels and Ca ²⁺ release. In addition, supralinear post-CaTs generated in apical dendrites had a slower decay time and a larger cumulative charge than those in basal, and were associated with a stronger level of somatic depolarization. The model predicted that modulation of ryanodine receptors and of the Ca ²⁺ extrusion mechanisms, such as the Na ⁺ /Ca ²⁺ -exchanger and SERCA pump, had a major impact on the magnitude of supralinear post-CaTs. These data reveal that supralinear Ca ²⁺ summation is a common mechanism of Ca ²⁺ signaling at CP-AMPAR-containing synapses. Shaped in a location-specific manner through modulation of ryanodine receptors and Ca ²⁺ extrusion mechanisms, CP-AMPAR/CICR signaling is suitable for synapse-specific bidirectional modification of incoming inputs in the absence of active dendritic conductances.