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Coconut Water: An Unexpected Source of Urinary Citrate.
- Source :
-
BioMed research international [Biomed Res Int] 2018 Nov 01; Vol. 2018, pp. 3061742. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Nov 01 (Print Publication: 2018). - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Purpose: Coconut water has long been touted for its medicinal qualities including natural hydration. We sought to determine whether its consumption would induce changes to urinary lithogenic factors beyond changes in urine volume.<br />Materials and Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, volunteers with no prior history of nephrolithiasis were recruited. Each participant was randomized initially to either the coconut water or the water phase of the study. Participants kept meticulous food and fluid intake logs during the first phase of the study and were asked to replicate that diet for the second phase. For each phase the participant consumed 2L of either Taste of Nirvana® pure coconut water or tap water daily for four days. Participants were not restricted to consume additional fluid of their choice during their assigned study phase. During days 3 and 4 of each phase the participant collected a 24-hour urine specimen. Coconut water citrate and malate content were measured and were used along with the beverage pH to calculate the total alkali content of the coconut water. Supersaturation levels were calculated using Equil2. Nonparametric paired analysis using the Wilcoxon test was performed for statistical analysis.<br />Results: There were 4 adult male and 4 adult female participants. Each individual's 24-hour urine collection had a creatinine excretion within 20% of the mean for each subject's four samples corroborating that all samples were collected properly. The two samples from each phase for each individual were averaged. The coconut water itself was also analyzed and it was calculated to have a total alkali content of 13.8 mEq/L. Consumption of coconut water significantly increased urinary citrate (29%, p=0.02), urinary potassium (130%, p=0.01), and urinary chloride (37%, p=0.03), without affecting urine pH (p=0.16) or volume beyond that of tap water (p=1.00).<br />Conclusions: Coconut water consumption increases urinary potassium, chloride, and citrate in nonstone forming individuals.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Alkalies chemistry
Beverages
Chlorides urine
Female
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration drug effects
Male
Nephrolithiasis prevention & control
Nephrolithiasis urine
Potassium urine
Urinary Tract drug effects
Water chemistry
Citric Acid urine
Cocos chemistry
Malates urine
Water administration & dosage
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2314-6141
- Volume :
- 2018
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BioMed research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30515390
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3061742