A randomized, pragmatic, pharmacist-led intervention reduced opioids following orthopedic surgery.

Objectives: To determine whether a pharmacist-led, patient-directed intervention can reduce opioid use following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Study Design: Randomized trial.
Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo THA or TKA (during 2015 and 2016) were randomized to usual care or intervention. We ranked patients according to predicted risk of persistent opioid use and selected the top 60% for inclusion (n = 561); all contributed to the analysis. Intervention patients were mailed materials 2 weeks before and after surgery, plus they received telephone intervention from specially trained pharmacists if they filled opioid prescriptions in the 28 to 90 days following surgery. Our primary outcome was the dispensed morphine equivalents (DME) in the 90 days following surgery, modeled using a natural log transformation.
Results: A total of 561 patients were randomized (286 usual care, 118 THA and 168 TKA; 275 intervention, 107 THA and 168 TKA); the mean age was 66 years, and 60% were female. Overall, we found no meaningful reduction in DME for intervention versus usual care (geometric mean ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.69-1.21]). However, there was effect modification by whether the patient had TKA or THA (interaction P <.01). Those undergoing THA in the intervention group used significantly less DME than did those undergoing THA in the usual care group (geometric mean ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33-0.82]).
Conclusions: Our pharmacist-led, patient-directed intervention to reduce opioid use demonstrated a reduction in opioid dispensings in the 90 days following THA but not TKA.