Effects of ion species on the disinfection byproduct formation in artificial and real water.

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This study investigates the effects of different ions on DBP formation during chlorination and chloramination in artificial and real water samples. Compared with chlorination, chloramination can reduce the formation of DBPs. K ⁺ only reduce the formation of DBPs during chloramination. Ca ²⁺ forms less DBPs than Mg ²⁺ does during chlorination and chloramination due to the stronger binding effect. Al ³⁺ and their hydroxide colloids have a significant effect on DBP formation. Anions have no significant effect on DBP formation. Due to the difference between the real and artificial water samples, the large amount of NH ₄ ⁺ in the real water will form chloramine during chlorination. Furthermore, the effects of different ion in the chlorination will have the same tendency during chlorination. In the wastewater with high ionic strength, the effects of salts are mostly ignored. Studying the effects of different ions on DBP formation is important in controlling the content of DBPs in the disinfection process.
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