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Gender Identity, Hormone Therapy, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
- Source :
-
Current problems in cardiology [Curr Probl Cardiol] 2020 May; Vol. 45 (5), pp. 100396. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 20. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Transgender individuals represent a medically underserved and under researched population. There is a growing number of studies illustrating the importance of hormone therapy treatments in transgender men and women to assist ameliorating gender dysphoria and promoting well-being. However, the cardiovascular effects of these hormones are controversial. Large longitudinal epidemiological studies of cardiovascular event outcomes in these populations do not exist. In addition, studies of cardiovascular complications of transgender hormone therapy are limited in number and complicated by poor control of medication regimen, presence of gender confirming surgery, use of prescribed medications for prevailing conditions, and alcohol, smoking or illicit substance use, and comorbidities, such as HIV infection. The following provides an overview of current guidelines for hormone therapy regimens used by transgender individuals, as well as what is known about the use of exogenous hormones on the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease risk. Several gaps in our understanding of the cardiovascular effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones in treated transgender individuals are identified, which provide direction for future study.<br /> (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology
Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control
Cardiovascular Diseases psychology
Comorbidity
Female
Heart Disease Risk Factors
Humans
Life Style
Male
Risk Assessment
Sex Factors
Transsexualism epidemiology
Transsexualism physiopathology
Transsexualism psychology
Treatment Outcome
Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology
Gender Identity
Hormone Replacement Therapy adverse effects
Sex Reassignment Procedures adverse effects
Transgender Persons psychology
Transsexualism therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1535-6280
- Volume :
- 45
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Current problems in cardiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30340769
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.09.003