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ADGRE1 (EMR1, F4/80) Is a Rapidly-Evolving Gene Expressed in Mammalian Monocyte-Macrophages.
- Source :
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Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2018 Oct 01; Vol. 9, pp. 2246. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 01 (Print Publication: 2018). - Publication Year :
- 2018
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Abstract
- The F4/80 antigen, encoded by the Adgre1 locus, has been widely-used as a monocyte-macrophage marker in mice, but its value as a macrophage marker in other species is unclear, and has even been questioned. ADGRE1 is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor with an extracellular domain containing repeated Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like calcium binding domains. Using a new monoclonal antibody, we demonstrated that ADGRE1 is a myeloid differentiation marker in pigs, absent from progenitors in bone marrow, highly-expressed in mature granulocytes, monocytes, and tissue macrophages and induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) treatment in vivo . Based upon these observations, we utilized RNA-Seq to assess the expression of ADGRE1 mRNA in bone marrow or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and alveolar macrophages from 8 mammalian species including pig, human, rat, sheep, goat, cow, water buffalo, and horse. ADGRE1 mRNA was expressed by macrophages in each species, with inter-species variation both in expression level and response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Analysis of the RNA-Seq data also revealed additional exons in several species compared to current Ensembl annotations. The ruminant species and horses appear to encode a complete duplication of the 7 EGF-like domains. In every species, Sashimi plots revealed evidence of exon skipping of the EGF-like domains, which are highly-variable between species and polymorphic in humans. Consistent with these expression patterns, key elements of the promoter and a putative enhancer are also conserved across all species. The rapid evolution of this molecule and related ADGRE family members suggests immune selection and a role in pathogen recognition.
- Subjects :
- Alternative Splicing
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
Antigens, Differentiation immunology
Base Sequence
Biomarkers
Bone Marrow Cells cytology
Calcium-Binding Proteins
Cell Differentiation physiology
Cells, Cultured
Epidermal Growth Factor genetics
Exons
Female
Gene Expression
HEK293 Cells
Humans
Membrane Glycoproteins immunology
Mice
Mucins immunology
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled immunology
Transcription, Genetic
Antigens, Differentiation genetics
Macrophages physiology
Membrane Glycoproteins genetics
Mucins genetics
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics
Sus scrofa genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664-3224
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30327653
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02246