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Protective effects of dexamethasone on hypoxia-induced retinal edema in a mouse model.
- Source :
-
Experimental eye research [Exp Eye Res] 2019 Jan; Vol. 178, pp. 82-90. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 26. - Publication Year :
- 2019
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Abstract
- Hypoxia-induced retinal edema primarily induced by vascular lesion is seen in various conditions such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The edematous changes in these conditions occur mainly in intermediate and deep layers of retina as a result of disruption of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). However, the effect of direct and acute hypoxia on iBRB remains to be elucidated. To investigate direct and acute hypoxia-induced changes in retina, especially in astrocytes/Müller cells that are involved in the maintenance of retinal structure and function, we developed an adult mouse model of hypoxia-induced retinal edema by 24-h exposure in a 6% oxygen environment. Immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was enhanced mainly in the superficial layer of the hypoxic retina, corresponding to edematous change. Electron microscopic observation of the hypoxic retina showed vacuole formation in astrocyte/Müller cell foot processes around capillaries in the superficial layer, while no abnormal findings in the perivascular areas were found in intermediate and deep layers. Increase in vascular leakage quantified by Evans blue dye and tight junction breakdown detected by electron-dense tracer were observed in the hypoxia group. In the hypoxic retina, microglia was activated and relative gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated. Dexamethasone suppressed these hypoxia-induced pathological reactions. Thus, unlike DR and RVO that induce iBRB breakdown in deeper retinal layers, atmospheric hypoxia induced iBRB disruption with subsequent edematous change mainly in the superficial layer of the retina, and that dexamethasone prevented these pathological changes. In this mouse model, direct and acute hypoxia induces retinal edema in the superficial layer of the retina with morphological changes of astrocytes/Müller cells, and is potentially useful for ophthalmic research in the field related to retinal hypoxia and its treatment.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Blood-Retinal Barrier physiology
Cytokines metabolism
Fluorescein Angiography
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein metabolism
Immunohistochemistry
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Oxygen toxicity
Papilledema etiology
Papilledema metabolism
Papilledema pathology
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Dexamethasone pharmacology
Disease Models, Animal
Glucocorticoids pharmacology
Hypoxia complications
Papilledema prevention & control
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1096-0007
- Volume :
- 178
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Experimental eye research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30267655
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.014