Endovascular stent placement for isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with intestinal ischaemia.

Background: Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD) is rare, especially when associated with intestinal ischaemia. We report our clinical experience managing this condition.
Patients and Methods: Medical records from 22 patients with ISMAD and intestinal ischaemia were retrospectively analysed. Conservative treatment was given to all patients as first line therapy. Subsequently, 15 patients received endovascular stent placement and three patients received endovascular stent placement plus intestinal resection and anastomosis.
Results: After conservative treatment, the symptoms of three patients were remarkably relieved; however, a repeat contrast CT showed that stenosis was aggravated. Hence, endovascular stent placement was performed in all 15 patients. Enteral nutrition was successfully restored in 12 patients. Three patients showed signs of chronic intestinal ischaemia, including peritonitis and ileus. These patients underwent intestinal resection and anastomosis. Enteral nutrition was restored at postoperative week two. No signs of intestinal ischaemia recurred during two-years of follow-up.
Conclusions: We recommend endovascular stent placement as a feasible, effective, and minimally invasive procedure in patients with ISMAD and symptoms of intestinal ischaemia.