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Effect of Piperacillin-Tazobactam vs Meropenem on 30-Day Mortality for Patients With E coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection and Ceftriaxone Resistance: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Source :
-
JAMA [JAMA] 2018 Sep 11; Vol. 320 (10), pp. 984-994. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Importance: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases mediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (eg, ceftriaxone) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Significant infections caused by these strains are usually treated with carbapenems, potentially selecting for carbapenem resistance. Piperacillin-tazobactam may be an effective "carbapenem-sparing" option to treat extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers.<br />Objectives: To determine whether definitive therapy with piperacillin-tazobactam is noninferior to meropenem (a carbapenem) in patients with bloodstream infection caused by ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible E coli or K pneumoniae.<br />Design, Setting, and Participants: Noninferiority, parallel group, randomized clinical trial included hospitalized patients enrolled from 26 sites in 9 countries from February 2014 to July 2017. Adult patients were eligible if they had at least 1 positive blood culture with E coli or Klebsiella spp testing nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone but susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. Of 1646 patients screened, 391 were included in the study.<br />Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam, 4.5 g, every 6 hours (n = 188 participants) or meropenem, 1 g, every 8 hours (n = 191 participants) for a minimum of 4 days, up to a maximum of 14 days, with the total duration determined by the treating clinician.<br />Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days after randomization. A noninferiority margin of 5% was used.<br />Results: Among 379 patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 47.8% women) who were randomized appropriately, received at least 1 dose of study drug, and were included in the primary analysis population, 378 (99.7%) completed the trial and were assessed for the primary outcome. A total of 23 of 187 patients (12.3%) randomized to piperacillin-tazobactam met the primary outcome of mortality at 30 days compared with 7 of 191 (3.7%) randomized to meropenem (risk difference, 8.6% [1-sided 97.5% CI, -∞ to 14.5%]; P = .90 for noninferiority). Effects were consistent in an analysis of the per-protocol population. Nonfatal serious adverse events occurred in 5 of 188 patients (2.7%) in the piperacillin-tazobactam group and 3 of 191 (1.6%) in the meropenem group.<br />Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with E coli or K pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance, definitive treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam compared with meropenem did not result in a noninferior 30-day mortality. These findings do not support use of piperacillin-tazobactam in this setting.<br />Trial Registration: anzctr.org.au Identifiers: ACTRN12613000532707 and ACTRN12615000403538 and ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02176122.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects
Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
Bacteremia drug therapy
Cause of Death
Ceftriaxone pharmacology
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Escherichia coli drug effects
Escherichia coli Infections mortality
Female
Humans
Klebsiella Infections mortality
Male
Meropenem
Middle Aged
Penicillanic Acid adverse effects
Penicillanic Acid therapeutic use
Piperacillin adverse effects
Piperacillin therapeutic use
Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
Thienamycins adverse effects
Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use
Bacteremia mortality
Escherichia coli Infections drug therapy
Klebsiella Infections drug therapy
Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects
Penicillanic Acid analogs & derivatives
Thienamycins therapeutic use
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1538-3598
- Volume :
- 320
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- JAMA
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30208454
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.12163