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The effects of benzophenone-3 on apoptosis and the expression of sex hormone receptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.
- Source :
-
Toxicology letters [Toxicol Lett] 2018 Oct 15; Vol. 296, pp. 63-72. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 09. - Publication Year :
- 2018
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Abstract
- Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most commonly used chemical UV filter. This compound can easily be absorbed through the skin and the gastrointestinal tract and can disturb sex hormone receptor function. BP-3 is lipophilic and should cross the blood-brain barrier and it may reduce the survival of neurons, although so far, its effects on nerve cells have been studied in only in vitro cultures. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of BP-3 on apoptosis and the expression of oestrogen, androgen and arylhydrocarbon receptors (AhR) in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. This compound was administered dermally to female rats during pregnancy and next to their male offspring through 6 and 7 weeks of age. BP-3 in the frontal cortex induced the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by increasing the active forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9, inducing the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and increasing the number of cells with apoptotic DNA fragmentation. In the hippocampus, an increase in the caspase-9 level and a downward trend in the level of anti-apoptotic proteins were observed. In both brain regions, the contents of ERβ in the nuclear fraction and GPR30 in the membrane fraction were significantly reduced. BP-3 significantly increased AhR in the cytosol of the frontal cortex but had no effect on the content of this receptor in the hippocampus. This is the first study showing that exposure to BP-3 induces the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in the rat frontal cortex and this effect may result from a weakening of the neuroprotective effects of oestrogen and/or an intensification of AhR-mediated apoptosis.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Caspase 3 biosynthesis
Caspase 9 biosynthesis
Female
Frontal Lobe drug effects
Hippocampus drug effects
Male
Pregnancy
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Receptors, Androgen biosynthesis
Receptors, Androgen drug effects
Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon drug effects
Receptors, Estrogen biosynthesis
Receptors, Estrogen drug effects
bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein biosynthesis
bcl-2-Associated X Protein biosynthesis
Apoptosis drug effects
Benzophenones toxicity
Frontal Lobe metabolism
Gonadal Steroid Hormones metabolism
Hippocampus metabolism
Sunscreening Agents toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-3169
- Volume :
- 296
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxicology letters
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30099065
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.006