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Romaine Lettuce/Skullcap Mixture Improves Sleep Behavior in Vertebrate Models.
- Source :
-
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin [Biol Pharm Bull] 2018; Vol. 41 (8), pp. 1269-1276. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of romaine lettuce leaves extract (RE), skullcap root extract (SE) and their mixture on sleep behaviors in vertebrate models. HPLC analysis showed that RE contains lactucopicrin (0.02±0.01 mg/g extract), chlorogenic acid (4.05±0.03 mg/g extract), caffeic acid (2.38±0.03 mg/g extract), and chicoric acid (7.02±0.32 mg/g extract) as main phenolic compounds, while SE includes baicalin (99.4±0.5 mg/g extract), baicalein (8.28±0.21 mg/g extract), and wogonin (3.09±0.32 mg/g extract). The mixture of RE (100 mg/g extract) and SE (40 mg/g extract) increased total sleep time by 50.9% compared with the control in pentobarbital-induced sleep model. In electroencephalography (EEG) analysis, RE/SE mixture significantly increased Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM), in which delta wave was enhanced by around 40% compared with normal control, leading to the increase of sleep time. In caffeine-induced wake model, RE/SE mixture greatly decreased (53%) caffeine-induced wake time, showing a similar level to normal control. In addition, caffeine-induced decreased of NREM and delta wave effectively increased with RE/SE mixture; NREM and delta wave increased by 85% and 108%, respectively. Furthermore, RE/SE mixture was shown to bind to a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA <subscript>A</subscript> )-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor stronger than RE or SE single extract. Taken together, RE/SE mixture effectively improved sleep behavior with the increase of NREM via GABA <subscript>A</subscript> -BZD receptor binding. RE/SE mixture can be used as an herbal agent for sleep disorders.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Caffeine
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Flavonoids analysis
Flavonoids pharmacology
Hypnotics and Sedatives analysis
Male
Mice, Inbred ICR
Phytochemicals analysis
Phytochemicals pharmacology
Plant Extracts analysis
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Receptors, GABA-A metabolism
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders chemically induced
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders drug therapy
Hypnotics and Sedatives pharmacology
Lactuca
Plant Extracts pharmacology
Scutellaria
Sleep drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1347-5215
- Volume :
- 41
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30068876
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b18-00267