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Replacing calcium with ammonium counterion in lignosulfonates from paper mills affects their molecular properties and bioactivity.
- Source :
-
The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2018 Dec 15; Vol. 645, pp. 411-418. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 18. - Publication Year :
- 2018
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Abstract
- Lignosulfonates are important by-products of the paper industry and may be transformed into different commodities. We studied the molecular properties of ammonium (LS-AM) and calcium Lignosulfonates (LS-C) and evaluated their bioactivity towards the early development of maize plantlets. The FT-IR, <superscript>13</superscript> C NMR and <superscript>1</superscript> H- <superscript>13</superscript> C-HSQC-NMR spectra showed that the two lignosulfonates varied in hydroxyl, sulfonate and phenolic content, while DOSY-NMR spectroscopy suggested a similar diffusivity. High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) was used to simulate the effects of root-exuded acids and describe the conformational dynamics of both LS substrates in acidic aqueous solutions. This technique showed that LS-C was stabilized by the divalent Ca <superscript>2+</superscript> counterion, thus showing a greater conformational stability than LS-AM, whose components could not be as efficiently aggregated by the monovalent NH4 <superscript>+</superscript> counter-ion. The plant bioassays revealed that LS-AM enhanced the elongation of the root system, whereas LS-C significantly increased both total and shoot plant weights. We concluded that the lignosulfonate bioactivity on plant growth depended on the applied concentrations, their molecular properties and conformational stability.<br /> (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1026
- Volume :
- 645
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Science of the total environment
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30025241
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.153