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Photobiomodulation and different macrophages phenotypes during muscle tissue repair.
- Source :
-
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine [J Cell Mol Med] 2018 Oct; Vol. 22 (10), pp. 4922-4934. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 19. - Publication Year :
- 2018
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Abstract
- Macrophages play a very important role in the conduction of several regenerative processes mainly due to their plasticity and multiple functions. In the muscle repair process, while M1 macrophages regulate the inflammatory and proliferative phases, M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages direct the differentiation and remodelling phases, leading to tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of red and near infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) on macrophage phenotypes and correlate these findings with the repair process following acute muscle injury. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control; muscle injury; muscle injury + red PBM; and muscle injury + NIR PBM. After 2, 4 and 7 days, the tibialis anterior muscle was processed for analysis. Macrophages phenotypic profile was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with the different stages of the skeletal muscle repair by the qualitative and quantitative morphological analysis as well as by the evaluation of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β mRNA expression. Photobiomodulation at both wavelengths was able to decrease the number of CD68 <superscript>+</superscript> (M1) macrophages 2 days after muscle injury and increase the number of CD163 <superscript>+</superscript> (M2) macrophages 7 days after injury. However, only NIR treatment was able to increase the number of CD206 <superscript>+</superscript> M2 macrophages (Day 2) and TGF-β mRNA expression (Day 2, 4 and 7), favouring the repair process more expressivelly. Treatment with PBM was able to modulate the inflammation phase, optimize the transition from the inflammatory to the regeneration phase (mainly with NIR light) and improve the final step of regeneration, enhancing tissue repair.<br /> (© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Antigens, CD genetics
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic genetics
Cell Differentiation radiation effects
Humans
Macrophages pathology
Macrophages radiation effects
Muscle, Skeletal growth & development
Muscle, Skeletal injuries
Muscle, Skeletal radiation effects
Muscles injuries
Muscles pathology
Rats
Receptors, Cell Surface genetics
Wound Healing physiology
Wound Healing radiation effects
Low-Level Light Therapy
Muscle Development radiation effects
Muscles radiation effects
Regeneration radiation effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1582-4934
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of cellular and molecular medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 30024093
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13757