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Pathologic features of response to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a proposal for quantitative immune-related pathologic response criteria (irPRC).
- Source :
-
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology [Ann Oncol] 2018 Aug 01; Vol. 29 (8), pp. 1853-1860. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Background: Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 may improve outcomes for patients with resectable NSCLC and provides a critical window for examining pathologic features associated with response. Resections showing major pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy, defined as ≤10% residual viable tumor (RVT), may predict improved long-term patient outcome. However, %RVT calculations were developed in the context of chemotherapy (%cRVT). An immune-related %RVT (%irRVT) has yet to be developed.<br />Patients and Methods: The first trial of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, NCT02259621) was just reported. We analyzed hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from the post-treatment resection specimens of the 20 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma who underwent definitive surgery. Pretreatment tumor biopsies and preresection radiographic 'tumor' measurements were also assessed.<br />Results: We found that the regression bed (the area of immune-mediated tumor clearance) accounts for the previously noted discrepancy between CT imaging and pathologic assessment of residual tumor. The regression bed is characterized by (i) immune activation-dense tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with macrophages and tertiary lymphoid structures; (ii) massive tumor cell death-cholesterol clefts; and (iii) tissue repair-neovascularization and proliferative fibrosis (each feature enriched in major pathologic responders versus nonresponders, P < 0.05). This distinct constellation of histologic findings was not identified in any pretreatment specimens. Histopathologic features of the regression bed were used to develop 'Immune-Related Pathologic Response Criteria' (irPRC), and these criteria were shown to be reproducible amongst pathologists. Specifically, %irRVT had improved interobserver consistency compared with %cRVT [median per-case %RVT variability 5% (0%-29%) versus 10% (0%-58%), P = 0.007] and a twofold decrease in median standard deviation across pathologists within a sample (4.6 versus 2.2, P = 0.002).<br />Conclusions: irPRC may be used to standardize pathologic assessment of immunotherapeutic efficacy. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine irPRC reliability as a surrogate for recurrence-free and overall survival.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological pharmacology
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols pharmacology
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung immunology
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung pathology
Feasibility Studies
Humans
Ipilimumab pharmacology
Ipilimumab therapeutic use
Lung immunology
Lung surgery
Lung Neoplasms immunology
Lung Neoplasms pathology
Neoadjuvant Therapy methods
Neoplasm, Residual
Nivolumab pharmacology
Nivolumab therapeutic use
Pneumonectomy
Prognosis
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor antagonists & inhibitors
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor immunology
Reproducibility of Results
Treatment Outcome
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung therapy
Lung pathology
Lung Neoplasms therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1569-8041
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29982279
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy218