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Impacts of temperature, morpholine, and chronic radiation on the embryonic development of round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum).
- Source :
-
Environmental toxicology and chemistry [Environ Toxicol Chem] 2018 Oct; Vol. 37 (10), pp. 2593-2608. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 30. - Publication Year :
- 2018
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Abstract
- During incubation, round whitefish embryos may experience fluctuating or elevated temperatures from natural (e.g., seasonal temperature changes) and/or anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic sources like once-through cooling discharges from nuclear power plants can also expose embryos to chemicals (e.g., morpholine) and/or radiation. To examine the effects of these potential stressors on embryogenesis, round whitefish were incubated under fluctuating or constant temperatures, with morpholine or <superscript>137</superscript> Cs gamma rays. We report the percentage of prehatch and posthatch mortality, developmental rate, hatch dynamics, and morphometrics at 4 development stages. Embryos reared at constant temperatures had delayed developmental stage onset and median hatch, higher mortality at constant 8 °C, and lower mortality at ≤5 °C, compared with embryos reared under seasonal temperature regimes. Embryos incubated with ≥500 mg L <superscript>-1</superscript> morpholine (>200× regulatory limits) had advanced hatch, reduced body size, and increased prehatch (100% at 1000 mg L <superscript>-1</superscript> ) and posthatch (≈95% at 500 mg L <superscript>-1</superscript> ) mortality compared with controls. Relative to controls, embryos irradiated with ≥0.16 mGy/d had larger body mass early in development, and all irradiated embryos had decreased posthatch mortality; the lowest dose was >300× discharge limits. Our study suggests that fluctuating or elevated temperatures and high-dose morpholine can alter development rate, hatch dynamics, and growth, and/or increase mortality compared with embryos reared at constant temperatures of ≤5 °C; conversely, low-dose irradiation had transient developmental effects but may benefit early posthatch survival. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2593-2608. © 2018 SETAC.<br /> (© 2018 SETAC.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Body Size
Embryo, Nonmammalian drug effects
Embryo, Nonmammalian radiation effects
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Larva drug effects
Salmonidae anatomy & histology
Seasons
Time Factors
Embryonic Development drug effects
Embryonic Development radiation effects
Gamma Rays
Morpholines toxicity
Salmonidae embryology
Temperature
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1552-8618
- Volume :
- 37
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental toxicology and chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 29963715
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4219