Prevalence of dry eye in video display terminal users: a cross-sectional Caucasian study in Italy.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of dry eye among video-terminal (VDT) users and to assess risk factors for dry eye in this population.
Study Design: A single-centre, cross-sectional study was carried out on subjects employed as VDT workers and on a control group.
Methods: Demographic data, years spent working at a VDT, number of effective hours at VDT/day, number and hours of breaks/day were considered. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and completed the Italian version of the computer vision symptom scale 17-item (CVSS17) questionnaire. Both groups were classified as definite, suspect and non-dry eye syndrome (DES).
Results: One-hundred and ninety four subjects completed the study; 70 (36.1%) of which represented the control group, and 124 (63.9%) represented the VDT group. Among VDT workers, 29 (23.4%) presented definite DES and 55 (44.4%) suspect DES, while among controls, only 2 (2.9%) presented definite DES and 37 (52.8%) suspect DES. In the univariate analysis, the DES group was older (p < 0.001), spent more time a day at VDT (p < 0.001), used VDT from more time (p < 0.001), instilled artificial tears (p = 0.031), and presented worst quality of life (p < 0.001). At the multivariate analysis, only age and time at VDT retained association with DES (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.01 and OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.07-2.02; p = 0.017, respectively).
Conclusions: The global increase of VDT workers is accompanied by a higher frequency of ocular complaints. Older subjects and people spending more than 4 h a day at VDT are at major risk to develop DES and should take precautions to prevent the onset of the disease.