From sanctioning culture to safety culture: Let's stop making errors on error.

The punitive culture continues to prevail in health care organizations that rely primarily on functional systems hierarchies based on conformity. This type of culture is recognized as a major source of an unacceptable number of medical errors. The safety culture has emerged as an imperative to improve the quality and safety of patient care, but also as a shield against the judgments targeted towards the caregivers (doctor and / or nurse) involved in an undesirable event. The safety culture allows a broader view of the error by analyzing both system failures and staff incompetence. Therefore, it places caregivers in their workplace with mutual interactions and protects them from "second victim" status. It is imperative to have a reflection on the safety culture that constitutes a proof of transparency and openness towards society about the mistake that remains taboo. This attitude will avoid the risk of "judicialization of health".